how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia30 Mar how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia
- War on the Rocks, How Russian cyberwarfare could impact Ukraine & NATO response, DOD's Cyber Strategy: 5 Things to Know - U.S. Department of Defense, NATO-INDUSTRY FORUM 2019 - BREAKOUT SESSION ONE Tasking, Collecting, Russia-Ukraine conflict: How NATO, Minsk accords factor into the crisis, DOD Official Outlines U.S. Nuclear Deterrence . In February 2010, the Defense Science Board released a report that stated "the inability to exploit foreign networks for intelligence purposes". Home There are other efforts to modernize cybersecurity within the DOD (and the federal government as a whole) that are relevant to CCMDs and all DOD organizations. This effort includes working with allies and partners, she noted. Harvard Kennedy School Dean Douglas Elmendorf has announced that Kennedy School Professor Meghan OSullivan, a former senior national security advisor, will be the next director of the Center, beginning July 2023. Arguably, the DODs established processes and bureaucracy are not suited to the fast-paced world of cyberspace. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Washington could follow Moscow's lead in realizing that this is a long-term struggle that requires innovative and thoughtful solutions as opposed to reflexive ones. [3] Manson, Katrina, US has already lost AI fight to China, says ex-Pentagon software chief, Financial Times, October 10, 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/f939db9a-40af-4bd1-b67d-10492535f8e0. Director, Russia Matters Project; Assistant Director, U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Sarah Sewall, Tyler Vandenberg, and Kaj Malden, Copyright 2022 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. Research, ideas, and leadership for a more secure, peaceful world. [7] Pomerleau, Mark, The Pentagon is moving away from the Joint Regional Security Stacks, C4ISRNET, November 1 2021, https://www.c4isrnet.com/it-networks/2021/11/01/the-pentagon-is-moving-away-from-the-joint-regional-security-stacks/. It is composed of 44 different DOD components made up of service, agency, and combatant command constructed networks (Figure 2). C.V. Starr & Co. DACO has been delegated to JFHQ-DODIN and provides authority to direct cyberspace operations related to global DODIN operations and DCO-IDM within each DOD components DAO. (NB: The U.S. authors are more skeptical about such efforts than the Russian author.). We will give a quick summary of these organizations as this will help you understand when we address the complications and solutions for CCMDs. Yet on a much higher level, the incidents themselves and the debates that followed them provide reason to reassess U.S. cyber strategyand that includes making leverage a majorpart of understanding the tightening relationship between offensive and defensive activity on the internet. Jan / endangered animals in north america / [2] Garamone, Jim, Global Integration Seeks to Buy Leaders Decision Time, Increase Speed of Relevance, DOD News, July 2, 2018, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1565240/global-integration-seeks-to-buy-leaders-decision-time-increase-speed-of-relevan/. More commercial technology will be integrated into current systems for maximum effectiveness in the ever-changing cybersphere. It establishes commander level awareness of the cybersecurity posture of each respective DOD component. All DOD organizations share cyberspace information and intelligence securely, and cyberspace is fully incorporated into joint force planning and operations. DHS and FBI characterize this activity as a multi-stage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities' networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks. At least some officials on both sides, apparently, view civilian infrastructure as an appropriate and perhaps necessary lever to deter the other. From a defensive cyberspace perspective, the threat to the Department of Defense (DOD) has never been greater. Automation and large-scale data analytics will help identify cyberattacks and make sure our systems are still effective. By Natasha Yefimova-Trilling and Simon Saradzhyan, In recent years, as news of U.S.-Russian tensions in the cyber domain has dominated headlines, some strategic thinkers have pointed to the need for a bilateral cyber rules of the road agreement. Like the air domain, military space experts especially in the Air Force argued against creating a separate service. An official website of the United States Government. This will result in increased cyberspace command and control and decrease DOD security incident response times. Building dependable partnerships with private-sector entities who are vital to helping support military operations. Defending forward includes understanding what adversaries are trying to do and what the threat looks like. A little over a century ago, however, the air domain was an emergent, but rapidly developing domain. If ever a cyber rules-of-the-road agreement is signed, theU.S. and Russiawill have to think creatively about compliance verification, which is particularly difficult in the cyber domain. The CCMD-constructed networks are the only portion of the DODIN that the CCMD is directly responsible for. Cyberspace is a wild west with a low barrier to entry where both nations and criminals can exploit it for their own ends. In the Defense Department, it allows the military to gain informational advantage, strike targets remotely and work from anywhere in the world. As this process matures, cyberspace planners will know what MRT-C and KT-C must be protected throughout all phases of the various scenarios in joint force plans and operations. Besides having an understanding of adversaries'intention, Cybercom has the tools and expertise to conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations, she said. Conclusion: Long Road Ahead 31Prospects for US-Russia Cyber Rules of the Road:A Russian Perspective 33 This then translates into a critical task for CSSPs. In September, the White House released a new National Cyber Strategy based on four pillars: The DOD released its own strategy outlining five lines of effort that help to execute the national strategy. More than 5.3 million others are still estimated to be . The New York Cyber Task Forces 2017 report discusses the idea of leverage, for instance, in a somewhat productized sense vis--vis software and internet security. Putting aside that the Russian operation was cyber espionagestealing data rather than denying, disrupting, degrading, or destroying systemssome of these arguments reflected an idea that the United States should defend forward or persistently engage everywhere, all the time. VA An official website of the United States Government. "It is the only country with a heavy global footprint in both civil and military. By tallying several key indices for countries cosponsoring competing cyber-related resolutions proposed by Russia and the U.S. at the United Nations in 2018 and 2020, he demonstrates that the countries on Russias side are much less technologically advanced and politically less integrated into the digital world than those on the U.S. side: There seems to be a clear borderline between the nations that pursue strong government control similar to Russias sovereign internet or Chinas Great Firewall and those that promote freedom of speech and a more democratic internet.. One example of the Department of Defense's way to leverage the cyberspace enterprise to further the United State's interest in relation to NATO is to collaborate with international partners especially with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members. [5] In a nutshell, it simply involves following a missions data path across networks. Sgt. In 2018, the Justice Department estimated that more than 90% of economic espionage cases involved China and more than two-thirds of the cases involved in the theft of trade secrets were connected to China; this in spite of their 2015 pledge not to use espionage for their economic benefit. Establishing a separate service in the air domain was not instantaneous or without controversy: creation of the US Air Force was gradational, spanned two world wars, and was marked by resistance from within the Army and Navy. (Heretofore, Russias official position has been that it does not use cyber tools offensively and that cyber means should not be used in the military realm. Similarly, points in the global internet architecture can serve as places of leverage for nation-states looking to secure them or exploit their vulnerabilities. Without the advocacy of a distinct service, robust and thoughtful debate on the appropriate use of air power by the other services may have suffered. Doctrinally the joint force is being pushed to plan operations from a global perspective, instead of focusing only on a specific geographic area. 41 NOCs configure, operate, extend, maintain, and sustain the CCMD cyberspace and are primarily responsible for operating CCMD cyberspace. While the United States has displayed a growing willingness to launch operations against Russia, Moscow has somewhat bolstered its military cyber capacity by expanding recruiting initiatives and malware development. Moscow sees an unwavering cyber omnipotence in the United States, capable of crafting uniquely sophisticated malware like the Stuxnet virus, all while using digital operations to orchestrate regional upheaval, such as the Arab Spring in 2011. The process of identifying this terrain requires both technical understanding and knowledge of the commanders missions. Two main strands of NATO activity are addressing this: first, the implementation of cyberspace as a domain of operations and, second, the enactment of the Cyber Defence Pledge. Madeline Mortelmansspoke today at an event hosted by the Association of European Journalists in Madrid, Spain. Air Force Tech. Disclaimer. Appendix 2 69, Analysis & Opinions This raises the distinction between chokepoints and leverage, however, where leverage provides highly scalable effects on cybersecurity (i.e., small inputs yielding outsized change across a system or ecosystem) and imposes significant costs for comparatively small input. 93, May 17 2021. (Currently, ambiguity can be problematic even within a single language, much less across languages; the term cyberattack, for example, is widely used in English-language news media and everyday speech to mean any sort of breach of cyber systems, while the U.S. military, The distinction between cyber defense and cyber offense. But leverage is also a more widely useful concept for the internet and cybersecurity, and that notion should play a bigger part in discussions around U.S. cyber strategy. Under current doctrine, securing cyberspace falls within the DODIN operations mission. A new report from the Atlantic Council on lessons from the Sunburst campaign likewise argues that government and industry should embrace an idea of persistent flow in cybersecurity, emphasizing that effective cybersecurity is more about speed, agility, and concentrated action than trying to do everything, everywhere, all at once. Twitter. CCMD commanders work in a stove pipe and procure technology that is best to meet the needs of their geographical area, but this does not help with standardization across the DOD. USA.gov Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND, and Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School, and Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND, Steam rises from the chimneys of a thermal power plant behind the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in Moscow, Russia January 9, 2018. Joint Electronic Library (JEL+), An official website of the United States government, U.S. Cyber Command members work in the Integrated Cyber Center, Joint Operations Center at Fort George G. Meade, Md., April. Within a given cyberspace mission, different types of cyberspace actions can occur. Cyberspace defensive joint force doctrine is still being developed, defensive cyberspace DOD authorities are not well known, and the U.S. and its allies do not have cyberspace supremacy (i.e. The cyberspace domain itself cuts across all physical domains (land, maritime, air, and space) and historic adversary cyberspace activity has generally been below the level of armed conflict. A police statement released by the Beilin Public Security Bureau in Xi'an the next day said that the attack attempted to lure teachers and students into clicking links of phishing emails with Trojan horse programs, with themes involving scientific evaluation, thesis defense and information on foreign travel, so as to obtain their email login Unlike the air domain, the space domain is expanding as a realm of competition nearly simultaneously with another domain: cyberspace. NATO's main focus in cyber defence is to protect its own networks, operate in cyberspace (including through the Alliance's operations and missions), help Allies to enhance their national resilience and provide a platform for political consultation and collective action. Both view the other as a highly capable adversary. Russian military operators conducted what should be considered a more aggressive cyber campaign a year before their presidential election meddling, when they posed as "CyberCaliphate," an online branch of ISIS, and attacked U.S. media outlets and threatened the safety of U.S. military spouses. Choose which Defense.gov products you want delivered to your inbox. Kyle Hanslovan, a cyber-warfare specialist serving with the 175th Cyberspace Operations Group of the Maryland Air National Guard, works at Warfield Air National Guard Base, Middle River, Md., Oct. 30, 2017. Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. Facebook. Securing DoD information and systems against malicious cyber activity, including DoD information on non-DoD-owned networks; and 5. The U.S. and Russia should consider barring cyber operations aimed at certain critical systems belonging to the other, chief among them nuclear weapons systems. The Domain Name System, the internets phone book for addressing traffic, and the Border Gateway Protocol, the internets GPS for routing traffic, were both designed with a preference for speed and reliability over security. Moreover, and except as provided below with respect to NDIA's right and ability to delete or remove a posting (or any part thereof), NDIA does not endorse, oppose, or edit any opinion or information provided by you or another user and does not make any representation with respect to, nor does it endorse the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement, or other material displayed, uploaded, or distributed by you or any other user. Force Readiness Command The organizations most applicable for being supported by CCMDs are USCYBERCOM, Joint Force Headquarters DODIN (JFHQ-DODIN), and Joint Force Headquarters Cyber (JFHQ-Cyber), with the service cyber components (SCCs) supporting the CCMDs. Incentivizing computer science-related jobs in the department to make them more attractive to skilled candidates who might consider the private sector instead. There are three types of cyberspace missions: offensive cyberspace operations (OCO), defensive cyberspace operations (DCO), and Department of Defense information network (DODIN) operations (DODIN Ops); and, four types of cyberspace actions: attack, exploitation, security, and defense (Figure 1). But do we have an adequate level of protection and shared understanding of our cyberspace and does our current structure work for the foreseeable future. Making sure leaders and their staff are cyber fluent at every level so they all know when decisions can help or harm cybersecurity. This will increase effectiveness. Special reports by expert journalists focus on defense budgets, military tactics, doctrine and strategy. Space Force Should the US and Russia Pursue Confidence-Building Measuresand, if So, Which Ones? 1 Build a more lethal force. This concentration is necessary because just as there are cybersecurity technologies that give leverage to a defender, some vectors of compromise give disproportionate leverage to attackers. A new service emerges to ensure that warfighting in the domain receives the necessary focus for education, training, recruiting, doctrine development, force generation, and as a leading voice in the ongoing discussion of that domain at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. The first US Air force chief software officer, Nicolas Chaillan, who spent three years on a Pentagon-wide effort to boost cyber security, resigned late in 2021, arguing, we do not have a competing fighting chance against China in 15 to 20 years.
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